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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Comprehensive smartphone-based 3D scanning framework for capturing the external ear.

Renee C Nightingale1, Gemma L Price1, Edmund Pickering1

  • 1Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

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|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validates smartphone 3D photogrammetry for creating personalized prostheses for congenital microtia. Frugal 3D scanning pipelines using common smartphones offer accurate and accessible solutions for ear reconstruction.

Keywords:
MicrotiaPhotogrammetryProstheticsThree-dimensional scanning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology
  • 3D Printing Applications

Background:

  • Congenital microtia involves external ear abnormalities impacting psychosocial health and hearing.
  • Traditional 3D technologies for personalized prostheses are limited by high hardware costs.
  • Frugal 3D scan-model-print pipelines offer a disruptive and accessible alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the accuracy and reliability of 3D photogrammetry using consumer-grade smartphones for personalized prosthesis fabrication.
  • To assess the feasibility of using affordable 3D scanning technology in clinical settings for congenital microtia treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D photogrammetry with four devices: Samsung Galaxy S8, Samsung Galaxy S9, Apple iPhone 8S, and an Artec Spider 3D scanner.
  • Scanned both ears of 10 participants to evaluate scan, processing times, accuracy, completeness, and repeatability.
  • Analyzed data to compare the performance of smartphone models against a professional 3D scanner.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in accuracy, completeness, or repeatability among the tested smartphone models.
  • Achieved an average accuracy of 1.1 ± 0.3 mm and completeness of 81 ± 10% with smartphone photogrammetry.
  • Demonstrated the viability of using flexible device selection for smartphone-based 3D scanning.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone-based 3D photogrammetry is a validated, accurate, and repeatable method for personalized prosthesis production.
  • This frugal 3D scanning approach significantly increases accessibility for congenital microtia treatment.
  • The flexibility in device choice supports the broader clinical translation of affordable 3D scanning solutions.