Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025
10:28
Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
Published on: November 16, 2018
12.8K
Exploring bioactive bone cement pastes: A promising solution for orthopedic surgeries.
Afsaneh Jahani1, Mehrnoush Nakhaei2, Ali Moradi3
1Orthopedics Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
Biomaterials Advances
|July 18, 2025
Summary
Bone cement, used in orthopedic surgery for decades, fixes implants and fills bone gaps. This review evaluates ceramic and polymer bone cements, addressing limitations like degradation and heat release.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Surgical Innovation
Background:
- Bone cement is a critical biomaterial in orthopedic surgery, utilized for nearly 50 years.
- It functions by hardening in situ after injection, aiding in implant fixation, joint replacement, trauma management, and drug delivery.
- The material adapts to patient-specific bone anatomy, correcting defects and ensuring implant stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review ceramic and polymer-based bone cements for orthopedic applications.
- To evaluate the current state and future potential of these bone cement types.
- To identify strategies for improving bone cement performance by understanding their limitations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on ceramic and polymer bone cements.
- Analysis of hardening mechanisms (chemical reaction vs. polymerization).
- Evaluation of clinical applications and limitations.
Main Results:
- Ceramic bone cements harden via chemical reactions, mimicking bone composition.
- Polymer-based bone cements harden through polymerization.
- Key limitations include long-term degradation leading to implant loosening and exothermic reactions causing tissue necrosis.
Conclusions:
- Both ceramic and polymer bone cements offer significant advantages in orthopedics.
- Addressing limitations such as degradation and thermal effects is crucial for enhanced performance.
- Further research into optimizing bone cement formulations can improve patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:18The Bone Matrix
4.5K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
4.5K
01:40Bone Remodeling
38.5K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.5K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
3.2K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.2K
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
4.4K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
4.4K
01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
3.7K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
3.7K
01:23Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue
4.2K
Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
4.2K