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Current Periodization, Testing, and Monitoring Practices of Strength and Conditioning Coaches.

Jad Adrian Washif1, Carl James2, Jeffrey Pagaduan3

  • 1High-Performance Branch, Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Strength and conditioning coaches commonly use hybrid periodization and flexible programming, with athlete feedback driving adjustments. Fatigue and optimizing training stimuli are key challenges, while unloading strategies and various assessment methods are widely adopted.

Keywords:
assessmenthigh performanceplanningresistance trainingtaperingunloading training

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Strength and Conditioning

Background:

  • Strength and conditioning practices are evolving with new methodologies.
  • Understanding current periodization, testing, and monitoring trends is crucial for optimizing athlete performance.
  • Coaching experience and sport type may influence these practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the periodization, testing, and monitoring practices of strength and conditioning practitioners.
  • To examine how these practices vary across different coaching experience levels and sports.
  • To identify common programming challenges and strategies used by practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed to 58 strength and conditioning practitioners across 9 Southeast and East Asian countries.
  • The survey covered periodization models, programming, unloading, fitness assessments, and readiness monitoring.
  • Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid periodization and flexible programming were frequently adopted.
  • Athlete feedback, self-observation, and technical execution were primary drivers for program adjustments.
  • Fatigue management and optimizing training stimuli were major programming challenges.
  • Deloading, tapering, and various assessment methods were commonly implemented.
  • While technology is used for monitoring, subjective methods like conversations remain prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • Strength and conditioning practitioners utilize diverse periodization strategies, often incorporating flexible approaches.
  • Unloading strategies and varied assessment techniques are standard practices.
  • Monitoring relies on a mix of technological tools and subjective feedback, with the latter being more common.