Wearable biosensors for cancer detection and monitoring

Wearable biosensors have emerged as game changers in healthcare, particularly for cancer detection and monitoring. Continuously sensing physiological and biochemical markers improves cancer diagnosis and treatment significantly. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as biopsies and imaging, are invasive, expensive, and logistically challenging, limiting their frequency and accessibility. Over the past decade, advances in microfluidics and surface engineering have expanded the capabilities of wearable biosensors. Readily accessible body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, tears, and interstitial fluid (ISF), are now recognized as valuable, non-invasive sources of tumor biomarkers. These fluids provide critical insights into tumor progression and therapy response, offering a patient-friendly alternative to traditional diagnostics. The integration of cutting-edge materials, advanced sensing technologies, and microfluidics has dramatically enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of wearable biosensors. This progress paves the way for personalized and preventive healthcare, improving patient convenience and reducing clinical visits and invasive procedures. This chapter explores the fundamental design principles, practical applications, and existing challenges of wearable biosensors. By addressing these issues, wearable biosensors can play a transformative role in early cancer detection and personalized treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.