Ion-releasing restorative materials and dentin remineralization: Current strategies and future perspectives

Histological studies on carious dentin have identified distinct layers with unique characteristics, leading to the development of minimally invasive restorative strategies. The conservative nature of these approaches has driven the advancement of ion-releasing materials designed to promote dentin remineralization not only by enhancing mineral content but also by restoring the functional properties of the affected tissue. In this context, the remineralizing potential of glass ionomer cements, calcium silicate-based cements, and ion-releasing resin-based composites has been the focus of extensive research. This narrative review examines studies on the development and application of both experimental and commercially available restorative biomaterials. Initially, the available literature on their physicochemical properties, including mechanical performance and ion release is discussed. Subsequently, their remineralization potential is reviewed, with particular attention to the differences among testing methods.