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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

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Bioactive Polysulfate-Based Nano-Assemblies Against Virus Infection.

Guoxin Ma¹, Mathias Dimde², Kai Ludwig²

¹Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|July 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New 3D nanosystems with polysulfates effectively inhibit viruses like HSV-1 and Omicron. These flexible nanoparticles block viral entry into host cells, showing significant therapeutic potential for antiviral applications.

Keywords:

antiviral nanoassembly multivalent nanosystems polysulfates virus inhibition

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Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

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Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Virology
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Polysulfated nanosystems demonstrate potent antiviral properties by dynamically deforming and adhering to viruses.
Developing novel supramolecular nanostructures is crucial for enhancing antiviral efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel supramolecular nanosystem assembled from a block copolymer for enhanced virus inhibition.
To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of varying sulfation levels on the nanosystem against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and Omicron variants.

Main Methods:

Assembly of a block copolymer into 100 nm spheres with a brush-like corona.
Testing varying sulfation levels (45%, 76%, 100%) in plaque reduction assays for HSV-1 inhibition.
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize virus-nanosystem interactions.
Evaluation in post-infection models and against Omicron variants.

Main Results:

Nanosystems exhibited exceptional particle homogeneity due to outer-shell sulfate distribution, enhancing multivalent interactions.
Achieved very low half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values for HSV-1: 0.43, 0.16, and 0.037 µg/mL for 45%, 76%, and 100% sulfated assemblies, respectively.
Cryo-EM confirmed multiple layers of nanosystems trapping viruses.
76% and 100% sulfated assemblies demonstrated therapeutic potential in post-infection models and against Omicron.

Conclusions:

The 3D flexible nano-assemblies effectively block virus entry into host cells.
Superior morphology and high efficiency make these sulfated nanosystems promising candidates for broad-spectrum antiviral applications.