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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
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Prenatal conditions do not affect brain physiology and learning in a lizard.

Pablo Recio1, Dalton C Leibold1, Ondi L Crino1,2

  • 1Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|July 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early environmental stress did not impair spatial learning or brain mitochondrial function in delicate skinks. This suggests significant physiological and cognitive resilience in this species to early-life challenges.

Keywords:
CognitionCorticosteroneIncubation temperatureLearningMitochondriaReptiles

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Early environmental factors like heat and stress hormones can impact brain development and learning.
  • The precise mechanisms by which these factors affect neural physiology and cognitive function are not fully understood across diverse species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of prenatal temperature and corticosterone exposure on brain mitochondrial activity and spatial learning in the delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata).

Main Methods:

  • Delicate skink eggs were exposed to varying temperatures (cold/hot) and corticosterone (CORT) or a control vehicle.
  • Juveniles were assessed for spatial learning abilities over 40 days.
  • Mitochondrial function in the medial cortex was evaluated post-testing.

Main Results:

  • Spatial learning and medial cortex mitochondrial physiology in L. delicata were robust to prenatal temperature and CORT exposure.
  • No significant relationship was observed between mitochondrial function and cognitive performance.
  • Increased metabolic capacity correlated with reactive oxygen species production but not oxidative damage, indicating protective mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The delicate skink exhibits remarkable physiological and cognitive resilience to early-life environmental challenges.
  • Prenatal stress and temperature fluctuations do not appear to impair mitochondrial function or spatial learning in this species.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the extent of this robustness across different brain regions, cognitive domains, and life stages.