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Socio-cognitive processes in mild-moderate depression.

Prathima Alevoor Raghavendra1, Shantala Hegde2, Mariyamma Philip3

  • 1Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, and Music Cognition Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, KA, India.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with mild-moderate depression exhibit deficits in social cognition, specifically in first-order theory of mind and perceiving positive emotions in music. Neurocognitive functions like attention and executive functions show potential links to social cognition abilities.

Keywords:
attribution styledepressionemotion perceptionmusic emotion perceptionsocial cognitiontheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Social cognition (SC) is crucial for interpersonal functioning, and deficits are characteristic of depression.
  • Previous research on SC deficits in depression, particularly milder forms, has yielded mixed results.
  • Key SC components include theory of mind (ToM), attribution style, and emotion perception (EP), with music emerging as a novel EP stimulus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate social cognition abilities in patients with mild-moderate major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • To explore the relationship between social cognition and neurocognition in individuals with MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen patients with mild-moderate MDD and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed.
  • Utilized the Social Cognition Rating tools in the Indian Setting (SOCRATIS), NIMHANS Emotion Perception Test (NEPT), and Music Emotion Perception Test (MEPT).

Main Results:

  • MDD patients showed significant deficits in first-order ToM (FOT) compared to HCs (p=0.01).
  • The MDD group rated positive emotions in music significantly lower than HCs (p=0.007).
  • No significant differences in emotion identification accuracy were found across facial, prosodic, or musical stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Mild-moderate depression is associated with reduced FOT ability and altered perception of positive emotions in music.
  • A potential association exists between neurocognitive functions (attention, executive functions) and social cognition measures in depression.