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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Designer charge-transfer van der Waals heterostructures.

T Huynh1, N Lee2, Y Hassan3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. briankim@arizona.edu.

Nanoscale
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores engineering charge transfer in two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Strategies for static and dynamic control enable new quantum phenomena and device applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Interlayer charge transfer in 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is crucial for emergent quantum phenomena.
  • Controlling charge transfer offers a method to tune these phenomena for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging strategies for assembling and engineering charge-transfer vdW heterostructures.
  • To discuss methods for programming and dynamically controlling interlayer charge transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of static control knobs: interfacial band alignment and symmetry breaking.
  • Discussion of dynamic control methods: light and pressure perturbation.
  • Focus on interlayer excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides.

Main Results:

  • Identification of static and dynamic strategies for programmable charge transfer.
  • Demonstration of control over excitonic dynamics and light-matter interactions.
  • Highlighting applications in polaritonic devices, transistors, and electrochemical cells.

Conclusions:

  • Charge-transfer vdW heterostructures offer a platform for novel quantum devices.
  • Future prospects involve developing new generations of these engineered heterostructures.
  • On-demand manipulation of charge transfer is key to unlocking advanced functionalities.