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Development of a standard process to identify, implement, and validate pharmacist-impacted clinical outcome measures
Megan Byrne1, Kayla M Waldron2, Brian P McKinzie3
1Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Purpose:
There is insufficient literature available to determine how to measure and quantify the clinical outcomes impacted by acute care clinical pharmacists. The aims of this project were to (1) refine and implement, in a reproducible manner, the acute care clinical outcome measures that were identified from the development process, and (2) to validate the acute care clinical outcome measures against a gold standard.
Methods:
This study is the second part of a longitudinal study on identifying, implementing, and validating pharmacist-impacted acute care clinical outcomes. The predetermined outcome measures from part I were prioritized based on feasibility and relevancy utilizing stakeholder feedback. Refinement of outcomes occurred through consultation with the pharmacy analytics and outcomes team, and data reports were requested for the finalized outcome measures. Report outputs were validated against a gold standard by using sensitivity and specificity analyses.
Results:
Two outcome measures for each pilot area (n = 3) were identified and implemented through the utilization of the analytics reports. The 6 outcome measures were analyzed in a validation process to determine the sensitivity and specificity parameters set by the research group. Three of the 6 outcome measures (50%) met a sensitivity target parameter of ≥0.90, and 5 outcome measures (83%) met a specificity target parameter of ≥0.90. Three outcome measures (50%) met both the sensitivity and specificity target parameters without modification.
Conclusion:
The project developed a standardized, reproducible methodology to implement and validate clinical outcome measures for acute care pharmacists. This methodology was successful in measuring outputs for the 3 different acute care pilot areas.
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