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Hand Motion Control Ability Between Young and Older Adults: Comparative Study.

Jung-Soon Kim¹, Hui-Jun Kim², Minju Kim²

¹Department of Artificial Intelligence, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

JMIR Formative Research

|July 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show distinct hand rotation movement patterns compared to younger adults, indicating age-related motor skill decline. These findings suggest hand rotation analysis could aid in cognitive assessments, potentially detecting mild cognitive impairment.

Keywords:

hand gesture hand motion control hand movements older adults young adults youth vs elders

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Behavioral data offers advantages over traditional cognitive tests for assessing motor skills.
Hand movements provide a practical, constraint-free method for collecting motor performance data.
Exploring hand rotation movements may reveal age-related motor differences for cognitive assessment applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if hand rotation movements can differentiate between young (20-29 years) and older adults (65-80 years).
To identify specific hand motion indicators sensitive to age-related changes in motor control.
To lay the groundwork for using these indicators in early detection of cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

68 participants (29 young, 39 older adults) performed 10-second hand rotations with webcam tracking.
Three trials were conducted per participant, with statistical analysis using generalized estimation equations.
Seven indicators of hand motion, including rotation count, angle, and time, were measured.

Main Results:

Three key indicators—total rotation count, angle range, and time—significantly differed between young and older adults.
Younger adults exhibited more rotations, a greater range of motion, and faster completion times.
A practice effect was noted, with the first trial differing significantly from subsequent trials.

Conclusions:

Older adults demonstrate significantly different hand rotation movement control compared to younger adults.
A learning effect across trials suggests excluding the first trial for stable motor performance measurement.
Hand rotation analysis shows potential for assessing age-related motor function and cognitive status.