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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

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When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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Flexible calorimetric differential pressure sensor array integrated with a superhydrophobic surface for flight

Xin Ke1, Yu Gao1, Zheng Gong1

  • 1Institute of Bionic and Micro-nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China.

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Summary

This study introduces a high-resolution differential pressure sensor array for small unmanned aerial vehicles. The novel sensor achieves precise flight parameter estimation with enhanced flexibility and waterproof capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Flexible pressure sensor arrays are crucial for estimating flight parameters in small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
  • Existing sensors suffer from low resolution, poor flexibility, and inadequate packaging, limiting their precision for UAV applications.
  • There is a need for advanced pressure sensing solutions that overcome these limitations for reliable flight data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-resolution differential pressure sensor array with improved flexibility and durability.
  • To enhance the precision of flight parameter estimation for small UAVs.
  • To address the limitations of current flexible pressure sensors in terms of resolution, bending, and packaging.

Main Methods:

  • A calorimetric measurement method and multilayer polyimide bonding were employed to create the sensor array.
  • The sensor array was designed with a detection limit of 36.5 mPa over a 500 Pa range.
  • Superhydrophobic packaging was integrated to provide waterproof capability, and a multilayer perceptron neural network was used for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor array demonstrated high repeatability on curved surfaces.
  • The sensor achieved a detection limit of 36.5 mPa within a 500 Pa range.
  • Flight parameter estimation using a neural network resulted in average errors of 0.15 m/s for airspeed and 0.37° for angle of attack.

Conclusions:

  • The novel differential pressure sensor array offers a significant improvement for flight parameter estimation in small UAVs.
  • The sensor's high resolution, flexibility, and waterproof packaging overcome previous limitations.
  • This technology enables more accurate and reliable sensing for UAV navigation and control systems.