Advances in RNA therapeutics and its delivery strategies against Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic hematologic malignancy that remains incurable as most patients eventually relapse or become resistant to several treatments. Although many novel therapeutic approaches (targeted small molecules, antibodies, and cell therapies) have been developed against MM, the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance driven by the heterogeneous evolution of MM cells greatly impede the therapeutic outcomes of current clinical treatments. RNA therapeutics have recently shown great promise against cancers. By therapeutically inhibiting or upregulating target sequences, RNA therapeutics would become a solid treatment against MM, and its combination therapies with other agents would greatly enhance the response sensitivity of MM cells. However, the valid nucleic acid targets and favored delivery systems for RNA therapeutics against MM remain uncovered. This review elaborates on the current clinical challenges of MM treatments and highlights the therapeutic advantages of targeting RNA which are abnormally expressed in MM cells. By summarizing the potential molecular targets, delivery systems, and clinical challenges, this review further provides insights into the therapeutic potential of RNA modalities against MM and its clinical translation globally.