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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Acute Endurance Exercise Amends the Circulating MicroRNA Profile in Response to Exercise Dosage.

Fatma Hassan Abd Elbasset Mourgan¹, Ali Al Shamli¹, Wafaa Mohmoud Abdellatif Bekir¹

¹Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University, Sohar, 311, Sultanate of Oman.

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

|July 22, 2025

Summary

Exercise training significantly increases microRNA (miRNA) levels, such as miR-21 and miR-146a, in capillary blood. These epigenetic biomarkers may offer insights into fitness and training adaptations.

Keywords:

Training adaptation gene expression level.miR-146a miR-21

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Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Exercise physiology
Epigenetics
Biomarker discovery

Background:

Regular exercise is crucial for managing chronic conditions.
Epigenetic mechanisms, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in exercise adaptations.
A comprehensive 'fitness score' integrating miRNAs, genetics, and nutrition is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate changes in specific miRNAs in response to a 4-week exercise intervention.
To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for training adaptations.

Main Methods:

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze miR-21 and miR-146a expression.
Capillary blood samples were collected from 10 participants before and after a 4-week sports intervention.
A control group (n=10) without intervention was included for comparison.

Main Results:

Significant increases in miR-21 and miR-146a expression were observed post-intervention (P < 0.05).
Nine out of ten participants showed elevated miRNA levels during the training period.
miR-21 expression increased from 1.125 ± 0.113 to 1.164 ± 0.205.
miR-146a expression increased from 1.103 ± 0.054 to 1.210 ± 0.217.

Conclusions:

Specific microRNAs (miR-21, miR-146a) fluctuate with exercise training.
Increased miRNA levels indicate significant training adaptations.
MiRNA analysis from capillary blood offers a less invasive method for assessing fitness, recovery, and nutritional needs.