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Early Detection and Intervention Practices Provided by Physical and Occupational Therapists in Saudi Arabia for
Afnan Gmmash1, Turki Aljuhani2,3, Reem A Albesher4
1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) in Saudi Arabia is inconsistent. Therapists need more training on early detection tools and evidence-based practices (EBP) for better CP management in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Rehabilitation
- Neurology
- Developmental Pediatrics
Background:
- Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) is crucial for timely intervention, with accurate diagnosis possible by 5 months.
- Current practices and adherence to evidence-based practices (EBP) for early CP detection by physical therapists (PT) and occupational therapists (OT) in Saudi Arabia are not well-documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore current PT and OT early detection practices for children aged 0-3 years with or at risk for CP in Saudi Arabia.
- To assess therapists' knowledge and application of EBP for managing young children with or at risk for CP.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study utilizing a custom electronic survey.
- Survey distributed to PTs and OTs working with children aged 0-3 years at risk for or diagnosed with CP.
- Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were used for data analysis.
Main Results:
- Only 46% of children at risk for CP were diagnosed between 0-5 months; 16% were certified in Prechtl Qualitative Assessment.
- 78% of therapists provided prognostic information; 84% consistently used caregiver education.
- Therapists utilized various interventions, including goal-oriented therapy (66%), Neurodevelopmental Treatment (30%), and passive intervention (22%).
Conclusions:
- Most therapists consider EBP in evaluating and treating young children with CP.
- Enhanced training is needed for therapists in utilizing sensitive early detection tools and EBP.
- A national guideline is recommended to standardize PT and OT practices in CP management.
Purpose:
Accurate cerebral Palsy (CP) diagnosis is possible before or at the age of 5 months. However, little is known about the practice of early detection guidelines in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to explore the current physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) early detection practices for children (0-3 years) with or at risk for CP and knowledge and application of evidence-based practices (EBP) for these children.
Patients And Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a purpose-developed electronic survey was distributed to physical and occupational therapists who work with young children with or at risk of CP. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations were employed to analyse the data.
Results:
A total of 76 participants completed the survey questions and were included in the analysis. Less than half of the patients (46%) received a diagnosis of being at risk for CP between 0 and 5 months of age. Only 16% of the participants are certified in using the Prechtl Qualitative Assessment. Seventy-eight percent of the participants provide parents with prognostic information regarding their children's diagnosis. Sixty-six percent of the providers always used goal-oriented therapy, 30% always used Neurodevelopmental Treatment, 22% always used passive intervention, and 84% always used caregiver education in their treatment. Application of constraint-induced movement therapy was significantly correlated with a number of demographic variables.
Conclusion:
This study showed that the majority of therapists consider EBP in evaluating and treating young children with CP. However, more attention should be directed toward training therapists to utilize sensitive tools to detect CP early, enabling them to incorporate EBP in their management plan. Although therapists follow some of the recommended interventions, many therapists still use ineffective treatments with children with CP. A national guideline is required to unify practice and illustrate the role of PT and OT in the management of CP.
