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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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Common and Distinct Neural Mechanisms Underlying Risk Seeking and Risk Aversion: Evidence From the Neuroimaging

Tao Ding1, Peihua Xian1, Shuai Jin1

  • 1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.

Human Brain Mapping
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct brain activity for risk seeking and risk aversion. Risk seeking involves the insula and caudate, while risk aversion engages the middle temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex.

Keywords:
dual‐system theoryneuroimaging meta‐analysisrisk aversionrisk seeking

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Risky decision-making is fundamental to human behavior, with tendencies toward risk seeking or risk aversion.
  • Neural underpinnings of these decision-making styles and their regulation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis and functional networks associated with risk seeking and risk aversion.
  • To elucidate the distinct brain activity patterns for opposing risk-taking behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive meta-analysis of 43 whole-brain experiments on risk seeking.
  • Included 22 whole-brain experiments focusing on risk aversion.

Main Results:

  • Risk seeking correlated with activation in the right insula and left caudate.
  • Risk aversion was linked to the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
  • Risk seeking engaged reward, salience, and cognitive control networks; risk aversion involved cognitive control and valuation networks.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a dual-system theory of decision-making, with risk seeking linked to emotional systems and risk aversion to cognitive systems.
  • Provides a novel perspective on neural mechanisms of risky decision-making and a basis for interventions.