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A Digital Software Support Platform for Hyperthyroidism Management in South Korea: Markov Simulation Model-Based

Jung Hyun Kim¹, Jaeyong Shin^2,3, Man S Kim⁴

¹Division of Tourism and Wellness, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth

|July 22, 2025

Summary

Digital monitoring for hyperthyroidism is cost-effective, improving remission rates and reducing relapse. This wearable technology offers a valuable addition to standard care, enhancing patient outcomes and potentially lowering long-term healthcare costs.

Keywords:

QALYs SDG3:good health and well-being applications apps cost-effectiveness analysis digital health digital interventions digital monitoring solution digital technology hyperthyroidism hyperthyroidism management mobile-based monitoring quality-adjusted life years wearable devices

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Health Economics
Digital Health

Background:

Wearable technology offers novel approaches to hyperthyroidism management through continuous heart rate monitoring.
While digital health is expanding, its cost-effectiveness for hyperthyroidism needs thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the cost-effectiveness of a digital monitoring solution for hyperthyroidism compared to standard care in South Korea.
To evaluate a wearable or mobile-based digital monitoring system for thyroid function.

Main Methods:

A Markov microsimulation model simulated costs and effectiveness for 10,000 hyperthyroidism patients.
Outcomes were measured in Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), with analyses from a healthcare system perspective.
Cost-effectiveness was determined using Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) and Net Monetary Benefits (NMB).

Main Results:

Digital monitoring resulted in an additional 0.32 QALYs per patient at an incremental cost of $3143, with an ICER of $9804.30/QALY, below the willingness-to-pay threshold.
Improved long-term remission rates (22.68% vs. 17.48%) and reduced relapse rates (17.87% vs. 26.37%) were observed with digital monitoring.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated digital intervention as the preferred cost-effective strategy in 64.4% of simulations.

Conclusions:

Digital monitoring presents a cost-effective strategy for hyperthyroidism management, improving remission and reducing relapse.
Digital solutions can complement traditional care, providing an economic basis for reimbursement and pricing.
Further research should incorporate societal costs, including productivity, for a comprehensive economic benefit assessment.