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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.6K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Decoupling fast hydrogen oxidation reaction on a tandem electrocatalyst.

Wei Guo1, Guoqiang Zhao2,3, Ziang Sun4

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
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A novel tandem electrocatalysis approach accelerates the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This strategy utilizes a Ru-based catalyst with Pt single atoms, significantly boosting fuel cell performance and enabling low-cost catalyst development.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
  • Optimizing HOR kinetics is essential for efficient fuel cell operation.
  • Current catalysts often face limitations in activity and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a tandem electrocatalysis concept for accelerating HOR kinetics.
  • To design and investigate a Ru-based tandem catalyst with Pt single atoms for HOR.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of enhanced HOR activity through synergistic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a Ru-based catalyst decorated with Pt single atoms.
  • Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study reaction mechanisms and interactions.

Main Results:

  • The tandem catalyst demonstrated significantly enhanced HOR kinetics.
  • H2 dissociation occurred on Ru sites, with H species migrating to Pt sites for desorption.
  • Achieved a peak power density of 1.91 W cm-2 and high mass activity (23.12 A mg-1) at 0.9 V.
  • Ulta-low noble metal loading (5 μg cm-2) was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The tandem electrocatalysis concept effectively decouples HOR steps for improved kinetics.
  • Synergistic interactions between Ru and Pt sites are key to enhanced performance.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for developing cost-effective anode catalysts for PEMFCs.