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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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Age-Related Differences in the Appetite-Regulating Hormone Response to Exercise.

Christoph Höchsmann1, Hyeon Jung Heselton2, Safiya E Beckford3

  • 1Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Current Developments in Nutrition
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute exercise impacts appetite hormones differently in younger and older adults. While peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) response varied with age, GLP-1 and ghrelin did not, nor did subjective hunger or fullness.

Keywords:
aerobic exerciseagingappetitehormonessatiety

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Acute exercise influences appetite-regulating hormones, including peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin, affecting appetite and food intake.
  • While exercise effects on hunger and satiety are known to vary by body composition, sex, and physical activity, the impact of aging remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the response of appetite-regulating hormones to acute exercise.
  • To compare the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin levels between younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two age cohorts (younger adults: 19-29 years; older adults: 65-75 years) participated in randomized exercise and rest conditions.
  • Participants underwent 45-minute cycling exercise (60% V̇O2peak) or seated rest, with blood samples collected for hormone analysis (PYY3-36, GLP-1, acylated ghrelin) and subjective appetite ratings.

Main Results:

  • Exercise increased PYY3-36 more in younger adults than older adults (P=0.025).
  • GLP-1 levels were higher in older adults overall, but the exercise-induced GLP-1 response did not differ by age.
  • Exercise responses for acylated ghrelin and subjective appetite perceptions showed no significant age-related differences.

Conclusions:

  • Acute moderate-intensity exercise elicits age-related differences in PYY3-36 response, but not in GLP-1 or acylated ghrelin.
  • These hormonal variations did not lead to significant differences in perceived hunger or fullness between younger and older adults.