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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Isolated right ventricular infarction - Unmasking the masquerader.

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|July 23, 2025
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Isolated right ventricular (RV) infarction is rare and hard to diagnose. Cardiac MRI is crucial for identifying this condition and indicates a good prognosis for patients with RV dysfunction.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonanceMyocardial infarctionRight ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Right ventricular (RV) infarction often accompanies left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction.
  • Isolated RV infarction is uncommon and presents diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old man presented with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.
  • Coronary angiogram revealed no obstructive coronary artery disease.
  • Cardiac MRI showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the RV free wall only, aiding diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Cardiac MRI confirmed isolated RV infarction.
  • The patient's RV dysfunction normalized on follow-up echocardiogram.
  • Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a key imaging biomarker for RV infarction.

Implications:

  • Cardiac MRI is vital for diagnosing isolated RV infarction, especially when clinical presentation is ambiguous.
  • Early diagnosis and therapy can lead to RV functional recovery.
  • Isolated RV infarction may have a favorable prognosis with appropriate management.