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Multidimensional Transcriptomics Reveals the Key Genes and Pathways Regulating the Acidity of Apples.

Wenyuan Yang1,2, Hang Yu1,2, Lian Tao1,2

  • 1Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-altitude apples show lower acidity due to genetic variations. Key genes like malate dehydrogenase and H+-ATPase regulate organic acid content, influencing fruit flavor.

Keywords:
Western Sichuan plateauacidityapplefruit ripeningmutant variety

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Consumer preference for low-acid apples is high.
  • Mechanisms of acidity variation in apples, especially at high altitudes, are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying low-acidity traits in apples grown at high altitudes.
  • To analyze organic acid composition and gene expression in 'Golden Delicious' apples and a low-acid variant.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome sequencing
  • Cluster analysis
  • Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA)
  • Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)

Main Results:

  • The low-acid variant exhibited significantly lower organic acid content than 'Golden Delicious'.
  • Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was identified as a key regulator of malic acid content.
  • H+-ATPase (VHA) was found to primarily control vacuolar organic acid levels, impacting overall fruit acidity.

Conclusions:

  • Differential gene expression in specific metabolic pathways influences apple fruit acidity.
  • MDH and VHA play crucial roles in determining apple acidity.
  • This research provides molecular insights into low-acidity trait development and offers a basis for fruit flavor regulation.