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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Evaluating Auditory Localization Capabilities in Young Patients with Single-Side Deafness.

Alessandro Aruffo¹, Giovanni Nicoli¹, Marta Fantoni¹

¹Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.

Audiology Research

|July 23, 2025

Summary

Children with single-sided deafness (SSD) struggle with sound localization, using limited head movements to compensate. Left-SSD children performed better than right-SSD, indicating hemispheric differences in spatial hearing crucial for classroom support.

Keywords:

auditory compensation children head movement hemispheric asymmetry single-sided deafness sound localization spatial hearing unilateral hearing loss virtual reality

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Pediatric Audiology
Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

Single-sided deafness (SSD) significantly impairs children's spatial hearing, impacting academic and social development.
Understanding sound localization deficits in SSD is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare sound localization accuracy and compensatory head movements between children with SSD and normal-hearing (NH) peers in a virtual reality (VR) environment.
To investigate sound localization performance across different azimuthal angles in left-SSD (L-SSD) and right-SSD (R-SSD) groups.

Main Methods:

44 children (20 NH, 24 SSD) participated in 3D VR sound localization tasks.
Analysis included unsigned azimuth error (UAE), unsigned elevation error (UEE), and head movement distance.
Non-parametric statistics compared NH vs. SSD and L-SSD vs. R-SSD performance.

Main Results:

Children with SSD showed significantly higher UAE, UEE, and head movement distances than NH peers.
Elevation localization (UEE) was more accurate than azimuthal localization (UAE) in the SSD group.
Right-SSD participants exhibited greater azimuthal and elevation errors, particularly at rightward angles.

Conclusions:

Children with SSD utilize insufficient head movements to overcome monaural spatial ambiguity.
Significant localization deficits and compensatory effort highlight the need for classroom support strategies.
L-SSD children outperformed R-SSD peers, suggesting hemispheric specialization in spatial hearing that warrants further research for targeted rehabilitation.