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The effectiveness of nudge-based interventions on self-monitoring behaviours among patients with cardiometabolic

Jianing Yu1,2, Yujia Fu1,2, Haoyang Du2,3

  • 1Department of Nursing, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, People's Republic of China.

Health Psychology Review
|July 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Nudge interventions significantly improve self-monitoring behaviors and health outcomes, like HbA1c and blood pressure, in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. These behavioral nudges offer a promising strategy for better disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic diseases pose significant global health challenges, marked by high morbidity and mortality.
  • Effective self-monitoring is critical for managing these conditions, yet adherence remains a persistent issue.
  • Nudge-based interventions show potential in enhancing self-monitoring behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of nudge-based interventions on self-monitoring behaviors and health outcomes in patients with cardiometabolic diseases.
  • To categorize nudge strategies using the choice architecture taxonomy.
  • To identify factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials from seven databases (up to March 2025).
  • Nudge strategies were classified according to Münscher et al.'s choice architecture taxonomy.
  • Meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact on self-monitoring behaviors and key health indicators.

Main Results:

  • Nudge interventions significantly improved self-monitoring behaviors (Hedge's g = 0.56) in cardiometabolic patients.
  • Interventions led to significant reductions in HbA1c levels (MD = -0.50), systolic blood pressure (MD = -4.47), and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.02).
  • Subgroup analyses suggested that delivery mode, components, and duration influenced intervention effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating diverse behavioral nudges can optimize management strategies for cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Nudge-based interventions enhance self-monitoring adherence and improve critical health outcomes.
  • These findings support the broader application of behavioral nudges in chronic disease management.

Keywords:
Nudge theorybehavioural economicscardiometabolic diseasechoice architecturemeta-analysisself-monitoring

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