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Updated: Sep 14, 2025
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
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AIDS virus.
Charles K Hammond1, Perpetual Kanzie2, Charles Martyn-Dickens2
1Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|July 23, 2025
Summary
HIV neurological complications, or neuroAIDS, affect children, impacting development. Early treatment and careful management are crucial for better outcomes, especially in resource-limited settings.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- HIV impacts the central and peripheral nervous systems, causing neurological issues like neuroAIDS.
- Children are particularly vulnerable due to an immature blood-brain barrier, affecting development.
- Even HIV-exposed but uninfected children can experience neurodevelopmental delays.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neurological complications of HIV in children, collectively known as neuroAIDS.
- To highlight the impact of HIV on neurodevelopment and cognitive functions in pediatric populations.
- To discuss current challenges and strategies for managing neuroAIDS in children, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on HIV and neurological complications in children.
- Analysis of direct viral effects, inflammation, opportunistic infections, and ART side effects.
- Examination of neurodevelopmental outcomes, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Main Results:
- HIV encephalopathy (HIVE) causes developmental regression and cognitive/motor dysfunction, though its prevalence decreased with ART.
- Opportunistic infections (tuberculous meningitis, encephalitis) and cerebrovascular diseases are common in pediatric HIV.
- Epilepsy and peripheral neuropathy are more frequent, with ART sometimes contributing to neuropathy.
Conclusions:
- Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is vital for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with HIV.
- Careful drug selection and managing opportunistic infections before ART are critical to prevent complications.
- Healthcare access disparities significantly affect neurological outcomes for children in resource-limited settings.
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