Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

97.4K
Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
97.4K
Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

9.1K
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
9.1K
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

4.5K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
4.5K
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

1.8K
Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
1.8K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

2.6K
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
2.6K
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

82
In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
82

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revitalising public health through family medicine and primary care: The Indian context.

Journal of family medicine and primary care·2026
Same author

ABSI 2025 Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Breast Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Indian journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography with MRI for Preoperative Assessment of Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Indian journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell fate.

Nature·2026
Same author

Control of naive T cell reactivity and peripheral tolerance by ascorbate and TET activity.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Proteome Responses to Acute Inhibition of De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis Suggest Cancer Combination Therapies.

Cancers·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

6.9K

Early methionine availability attenuates T cell exhaustion.

Piyush Sharma1, Ao Guo2,3, Suresh Poudel2

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. piyush.sharma@stjude.org.

Nature Immunology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early methionine restriction during T-cell receptor (TCR) activation promotes T-cell exhaustion. Methionine availability regulates KCa3.1 methylation, impacting calcium signaling and NFAT1 activation, which influences T-cell function in disease models.

More Related Videos

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
06:55

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

Published on: October 19, 2021

4.0K
Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

425

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

6.9K
Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
06:55

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

Published on: October 19, 2021

4.0K
Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

425

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Cell signaling

Background:

  • T-cell receptor (TCR) activation is crucial for adaptive immunity.
  • Nutrient availability, such as methionine (Met), can influence immune cell function.
  • Early events in T-cell activation dictate long-term cell fate and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between methionine availability and TCR signaling during early T-cell activation.
  • To determine the impact of early metabolic conditions on subsequent T-cell fate, including T-cell exhaustion.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms linking nutrient availability to T-cell activation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated T-cell activation in the presence of varying methionine concentrations.
  • Analyzed calcium (Ca2+) influx, NFAT1 activation, and promoter occupancy.
  • Examined changes in the protein arginine methylome, focusing on KCa3.1 methylation.
  • Assessed T-cell function in mouse tumor and infection models.

Main Results:

  • Limiting methionine during the initial 30 minutes of TCR engagement increased Ca2+ influx and NFAT1 activation, leading to T-cell exhaustion.
  • Identified arginine methylation of KCa3.1 as a key regulator of Ca2+-mediated NFAT1 signaling.
  • Ablation of KCa3.1 arginine methylation resulted in increased NFAT1 nuclear localization and dysfunctional T-cells.
  • Early methionine supplementation reduced nuclear NFAT1 in tumor-infiltrating T-cells and enhanced antitumor activity.

Conclusions:

  • Early methionine availability critically regulates T-cell activation and fate.
  • Methionine-dependent KCa3.1 methylation is a novel mechanism controlling T-cell signaling and function.
  • Targeting early methionine metabolism holds potential for augmenting anti-tumor immunity.