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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

08:46
Rapid Diagnosis of Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds: Use of a Portable rRT-PCR and Freeze-dried Reagents in the Field
Published on: August 2, 2011
15.8K
Avian influenza overview March-June 2025
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|July 24, 2025
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses, primarily A(H5N1), circulated widely in European birds and mammals. Human infections remained rare, with no documented human-to-human transmission, posing a low risk to the general public.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections have been reported across Europe.
- The virus has been detected in both domestic and wild bird populations, as well as in various mammal species.
- Understanding the geographic distribution and host range of HPAI A(H5) is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the surveillance data of HPAI A(H5) virus detections in Europe between March and June 2025.
- To document the spread of HPAI A(H5) in avian and mammalian populations.
- To assess the risk of avian influenza virus infection in humans.
Main Methods:
- Surveillance data collection from 24 European countries.
- Analysis of virus detections in domestic birds, wild birds, and mammals.
- Review of human cases of avian influenza virus infection reported globally.
Main Results:
- 365 HPAI A(H5) virus detections were reported in Europe, predominantly A(H5N1), affecting domestic and wild birds.
- Mammalian infections included domestic cats, foxes, otters, seals, and notably, a sheep in the UK.
- 20 human avian influenza cases, including four deaths, were reported globally, with most A(H5N1) cases linked to poultry exposure.
Conclusions:
- HPAI A(H5) viruses, particularly A(H5N1), continue to circulate widely in animal populations in Europe and beyond.
- The detection of HPAI A(H5N1) in a sheep represents a novel finding.
- Human infections remain rare, with no evidence of human-to-human transmission, and the risk to the general public in the EU/EEA is low.
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