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Mitral Annular Calcification: Understanding the Disease and Treatment Options.
Marina Urena1, John Kikoïne1, Mayra Guerrero2
1Department of Cardiology, Bichat Hospital, Paris City University, INSERM-u1148, Paris, France.
Structural Heart : the Journal of the Heart Team
|July 24, 2025
Summary
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a degenerative heart condition linked to increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Transcatheter mitral valve implantation offers a new treatment option for severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Valvular Heart Disease
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Mitral annular calcification (MAC) involves calcium deposits on the mitral annulus.
- Pathophysiology of MAC is not fully understood, but risk factors include age, female gender, and chronic kidney disease.
- MAC prevalence ranges from 5-42% and is increasing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the disease process of MAC.
- To outline current and emerging treatment options for MAC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing data on MAC.
- Analysis of risk factors, prevalence, and clinical associations of MAC.
- Review of treatment strategies, including surgical and transcatheter interventions.
Main Results:
- MAC is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
- MAC can lead to mitral stenosis or regurgitation, impacting survival.
- Transcatheter mitral valve implantation is a viable option for high-risk patients.
Conclusions:
- MAC is a significant cardiovascular risk factor with progressive potential.
- Early diagnosis and management of MAC are crucial for patient outcomes.
- Transcatheter mitral valve implantation represents a promising therapeutic advancement.
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