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Associations Between Thyroid Function and Periodontitis: A Machine Learning Approach Using NHANES
Han Wang1, Suyan Tian2, Sen Bai3
1The First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Oral Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
International Dental Journal
|July 24, 2025
Summary
Thyroid hormone levels, especially thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), can predict the risk and severity of periodontitis. This finding may help in early detection and personalized treatment of the condition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Periodontology
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Thyroid dysfunction impacts bone metabolism and is linked to osteoporosis.
- Periodontitis involves alveolar bone loss, and thyroid disorders may affect immune function and bone remodeling.
- The association between thyroid hormone levels and periodontitis risk/severity is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential of thyroid hormone (TH) levels as predictors for periodontitis risk and severity.
- To explore the utility of thyroid function parameters in identifying individuals susceptible to periodontitis.
Main Methods:
- Utilized cross-sectional data from NHANES 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 (2352 participants).
- Employed machine learning models (XGBoost, RF, SVM, LR, MLP) to analyze data.
- Developed predictive models using thyroid function parameters and clinical characteristics.
Main Results:
- XGBoost achieved the highest performance (AUC 0.854 for binary classification).
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was a top predictor, alongside age and BMI.
- Models incorporating thyroid function variables significantly outperformed those without.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid parameters, particularly TSH, may serve as predictive biomarkers for periodontitis.
- These findings suggest potential for early intervention and personalized patient care.
- Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results.
