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The 2019 Rio Grande birth cohort: profile of a Brazilian 5-year study on mental health conditions

Rafaela Costa Martins1,2,3, Francine Dos Santos Costa1,4, Cauane Blumenberg1,3

  • 1Grupo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde (GPIS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil.

Epidemiology and Health
|July 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The Rio Grande birth cohort study tracked maternal and child mental health over time, revealing high depression and anxiety rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights culturally specific risk factors for intergenerational mental health transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Life Course Research
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • The 2019 Rio Grande birth cohort was established to study mental health and its intergenerational transmission.
  • Systematic identification of hospital births in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, formed the cohort's foundation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the life course epidemiology of mental health and its intergenerational transmission.
  • To collect data on sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral factors impacting maternal and child mental health.
  • To evaluate child mental health and development in relation to maternal factors and pandemic experiences.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective birth cohort study initiated in 2019 with baseline interviews of 2,051 mothers.
  • Four follow-up assessments conducted between 2020 and 2024, utilizing online questionnaires.
  • Data collection included maternal mental health, child development, and various risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Highest prevalence rates for depression (34.7%) and anxiety (33.1%) were observed during the WebCOVID-19-3 follow-up (2021-22).
  • The cohort provides insights into maternal mental health, child development, and post-COVID-19 behaviors.
  • Culturally specific risk factors for mental health were emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • The cohort offers a unique resource for understanding mental health trajectories from birth.
  • Findings underscore the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health.
  • Further research can explore intergenerational mental health patterns and culturally relevant interventions.

Keywords:
Birth cohortChild healthLife change eventsMaternal healthMental health

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