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Successful Treatment of Aplastic Anemia Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer

Chihiro Sumi1, Masayo Yamamoto1, Rena Sasaki1

  • 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|July 24, 2025
PubMed

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective against many types of cancers. However, these drugs can trigger unintended immune attacks on normal tissues, leading to a range of side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Involvement of the hematopoietic system in irAEs is rare, and a standard treatment has not yet been established. We herein report a 72-year-old man with non-small-cell lung cancer who developed aplastic anemia (AA) after ICI treatment. Eltrombopag improved the long-term blood count without causing severe infection. This case suggests that eltrombopag may be a viable treatment option for ICI-induced AA.

Keywords:
aplastic anemiaeltrombopagimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune-related adverse events

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