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Problematic Smartphone Use Is Associated With Current and Previous Major Depressive Disorder
Su Jeong Seong1, Jin Pyo Hong2, Bong-Jin Hahm3,4
1Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investigation
|July 25, 2025
Summary
Major depressive disorder (MDD) increases the risk of problematic smartphone use (PSU), even after depression resolves. Past and current MDD episodes are linked to higher PSU rates in adults.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
- Digital Health
Background:
- The relationship between depression and problematic smartphone use (PSU) is well-documented.
- However, the temporal order of this association remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the temporal relationship between current problematic smartphone use (PSU) and past/current major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (N=916).
- Employed multistage cluster sampling.
- Assessed MDD using the Korean Composite International Diagnostic Interview and PSU using the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire.
Main Results:
- 15.2% of participants reported PSU.
- Both current and previous major depressive disorder episodes were significantly associated with an increased risk of PSU.
- PSU prevalence was notable in older adult age groups (9.3% in 36-50 years, 5.4% in >50 years).
Conclusions:
- Confirmed the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) in the general adult population.
- Established the precedence of MDD to PSU.
- Found that even resolved depression influences current PSU.
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