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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes
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Simple biological controllers drive the evolution of soft modes.

Christopher Joel Russo1,2, Kabir Husain3, Rama Ranganathan4,5

  • 1Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Arxiv
|July 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological systems use simple controllers to maintain stability despite environmental changes. Selection for stability drives the evolution of

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Biological systems face high-dimensional environmental fluctuations.
  • Homeostasis is often maintained by low-dimensional control mechanisms.
  • The mechanism by which simple controllers manage complex systems is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model explaining how low-dimensional controllers maintain homeostasis in high-dimensional biological systems.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origin of control mechanisms that reduce dimensionality.
  • To test theoretical predictions using experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytically tractable model of integral feedback for complex systems.
  • Analysis of experimental data from 5000 yeast knockout strains.
  • Theoretical predictions for transcriptomics experiments.

Main Results:

  • Selection for homeostasis promotes the emergence of 'soft modes' for dimensionality reduction.
  • Simple controllers that buffer environmental perturbations also buffer mutational perturbations.
  • Knocking out a simple controller is predicted to decrease response dimensionality.

Conclusions:

  • Soft modes may evolve for dimensionality reduction itself, not just direct function.
  • This provides insights into cryptic genetic variation and global epistasis.
  • The study offers a framework for understanding biological control in fluctuating environments.