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Individuals use different reasoning strategies, like constructive matching, which correlates with higher reasoning ability. Strategy shifts during tests are linked to item position, not just ability, suggesting nuanced problem-solving behavior.

Keywords:
Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matriceseye trackingitem-position effectrule learningstrategy

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Individuals employ distinct strategies (response elimination, constructive matching) when solving reasoning problems, despite item similarity.
  • Constructive matching, a systematic approach to problem matrices before evaluating alternatives, often correlates positively with reasoning ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in strategy use during cognitive tests using eye-tracking.
  • To examine the relationship between reasoning ability, strategy selection, and item position effects in Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM).

Main Methods:

  • Employed eye-tracking metrics (toggle rate, proportional time to first fixation, proportional time on problem matrix) in 210 participants solving the APM.
  • Utilized a fixed-links modeling approach and bifactor models to analyze latent model data.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed a positive correlation between reasoning ability and constructive matching.
  • Demonstrated that changes in strategy use were associated with the item-position effect, not solely reasoning ability.
  • Observed diverging effects of item position on strategy use across different eye-tracking metrics, indicating complex problem-solving behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Problem-solving behavior is more nuanced than previously assumed, influenced by factors beyond inherent reasoning ability.
  • Incorporating the item-position effect is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of individual differences in problem-solving.
  • Eye-tracking metrics provide valuable insights into the dynamic nature of strategy shifts during complex cognitive tasks.