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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...

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Comprehensive Analysis of Mycotoxins in Green Coffee Food Supplements: Method Development, Occurrence, and Health

Laura Carbonell-Rozas¹, Octavian Augustin Mihalache¹, Renato Bruni²

¹Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.

|July 25, 2025

Summary

Mycotoxins were found in all green coffee supplements tested. While overall risk is low, chronic exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) may pose health concerns for adults.

Keywords:

dietary supplements food supplements green coffee mycotoxins risk assessment

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Published on: November 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Food Science
Analytical Chemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Green coffee-based dietary supplements are increasingly popular among consumers.
Mycotoxin contamination in food products poses potential health risks.
Ensuring the safety of these supplements is crucial due to potential contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and levels of 15 mycotoxins in green coffee-based dietary supplements.
To develop and validate a robust analytical method for mycotoxin detection.
To assess the dietary exposure and associated health risks for consumers.

Main Methods:

Sample preparation involved salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE).
Detection and quantification of 15 mycotoxins were performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).
The analytical method demonstrated high recoveries, good precision, and low detection limits.

Main Results:

Mycotoxins were detected in all 16 analyzed commercial green coffee supplements.
Fusarium mycotoxins were the most frequently identified contaminants.
Dietary risk assessment indicated a low risk, with the exception of aflatoxins (AFs) which may present chronic health concerns for adults.

Conclusions:

The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method is suitable for sensitive and reliable mycotoxin analysis in dietary supplements.
Green coffee supplements can be contaminated with various mycotoxins, necessitating routine monitoring.
While generally low, the potential chronic health risks associated with aflatoxin exposure warrant attention.