Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

20.9K

Increased Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis: The Role of Chronic Inflammation, Complement Activation, and

Ákos Géza Pethő1, Tibor Fülöp2,3, Petronella Orosz4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1000 Budapest, Hungary.

Toxins
|July 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face high cardiovascular risk due to uremic toxins and inflammation. Hemodialysis (HD) environments may worsen this, highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets to reduce mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue, with vascular inflammation, atherogenesis, and thrombotic risk significantly increasing cardiovascular risk.
  • Uremic toxin accumulation is a primary CKD-specific factor exacerbating disease progression and comorbidities like bone mineral and cardiovascular disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients.
  • To explore how these factors change with declining kidney function and kidney replacement therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Focus on non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors and their modulation by kidney replacement therapy.

Main Results:

  • Non-traditional risk factors play a key role in inflammation and cardiovascular mortality in CKD.
  • Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) exhibit markedly higher cardiovascular disease (CVD)-mediated mortality.
  • Inflammation in HD may stem from bio-incompatible environments, including neutrophil extracellular traps and complement activation-related pseudoallergy.

Conclusions:

  • The bio-incompatible nature of the HD environment contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in HD patients.
  • Identifying these elements offers potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
biocompatibilitychronic inflammationcomplement activationhemodialysisimmunologicalmortalityperitoneal dialysis

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.4K
Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

15.5K

Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
137
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
96
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
108
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
301
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
216
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
189