Addressing the prediabetes epidemic in India: Challenges and strategies for prevention - A narrative review

Prediabetes is a global health concern, with India ranking second in terms of diabetes burden. The rapid transition from prediabetes to diabetes, driven by urbanization and globalization, underscores the need for effective intervention programs to prevent the diabetes epidemic. This narrative review explores the prevalence of prediabetes and its demographic determinants in India, the challenges in addressing prediabetes, the necessity for culturally tailored intervention programs and future directions for a population-based approach. A review of systematic reviews, peer-reviewed studies, national health surveys, and diabetes prevention trials was considered. Key reports from the World Health Organization and American Diabetes Association were also included via PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Prediabetes prevalence varies across India and is influenced by demographic disparities and inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria. Low screening prioritization, poor health literacy, limited research intensity and policy gaps hinder detection and intervention efforts. A multisectoral population-based approach that strengthens primary health care services and implements cost effective interventions is critical to curb the diabetes epidemic. Enhancing research, leveraging digital innovations and adopting global diabetes prevention models in the Indian context can improve prediabetes management and reduce the future burden of diabetes.