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The preparation impairs the reinterpretation: insights from EEG-based multivariate pattern analysis.

Jing Wang1, Zhifang Li2, Qing Li3

  • 1School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, No. 850, Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|July 27, 2025
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Summary

Preparing for emotion regulation (ER) can hinder its effectiveness. Reactive ER, which bypasses preparation, proved more successful than proactive ER by preserving cognitive resources for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Eegemotion regulationmultivariate pattern analysispreparation stagereinterpretation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Reinterpretation is a key emotion regulation (ER) strategy for psychological well-being.
  • The influence of preparatory brain activity on the timing and effectiveness of ER reinterpretation remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how preparatory brain activity impacts the temporal dynamics of ER during reinterpretation.
  • To compare the effectiveness of proactive versus reactive ER strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-four young adults performed an adapted ER task, using reinterpretation to downregulate negative emotions.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) and decoding analyses were used to examine brain activity during strategy preparation and use.
  • Behavioral data assessed the effectiveness of different ER timing strategies.

Main Results:

  • Strategy preparation closely aligned with strategy use in reactive ER, but preceded use in proactive ER.
  • Reactive ER was behaviorally more effective than proactive ER.
  • Brain activity during preparation indicated significant attentional resource allocation for goal representation and interference suppression, potentially impairing working memory in proactive ER.

Conclusions:

  • Preparatory brain activity influences ER timing and can impede strategy use, particularly in proactive ER, by consuming cognitive resources.
  • Reactive ER, unhindered by a distinct preparation phase, allows for more adaptive resource allocation and greater regulatory success.
  • The overall effectiveness of ER is linked to brain activation patterns during the regulation phase itself.