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[THE RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES].

K R Amlaev1, A Abdullah2

  • 1The Abu Ali ibn Sino Bukhara State Medical Institute, Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

Problemy Sotsial'Noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia I Istorii Meditsiny
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising due to population growth and aging. Environmental factors like air pollution, alongside traditional risks, contribute significantly, highlighting the need for early lifestyle interventions.

Keywords:
NCD risk factorsbehavioral factorsinfectious diseasesnon-communicable diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing global health challenge, exacerbated by demographic shifts like population aging.
  • Increasing evidence points to environmental factors, including air pollution, as significant contributors to NCDs, alongside biological and behavioral risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present current data on NCDs and their multifaceted risk factors.
  • To highlight the interplay between environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and NCD development.
  • To emphasize the protective role of natural environments and the importance of early interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of modern epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of the impact of environmental factors (air pollution) and natural spaces (green and blue spaces) on NCDs.
  • Examination of the interaction between various NCD risk factors and their effect on infectious diseases.

Main Results:

  • NCD mortality is increasing, driven by population dynamics and environmental exposures like air pollution.
  • Green and blue spaces demonstrate a protective effect against NCDs.
  • NCD risk factors (air pollution, depression, smoking, hypertension, obesity) are interconnected and exacerbate infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19).

Conclusions:

  • Addressing NCDs requires a comprehensive approach considering environmental and behavioral factors.
  • Promoting healthy lifestyles from early childhood, particularly among pregnant women and adolescents, is crucial for NCD prevention.
  • Interventions are especially critical in low- and middle-income countries facing high NCD burdens.