Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025
03:55
Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
623
The Interaction Between Sex and Thyroid Cancer Development and Management
Farah I Kitana1, Leila Shobab1
1Division of Endocrinology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Room 3102- Est Building, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|July 27, 2025
Summary
Women have a better prognosis for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before menopause, but research is needed to understand and treat sex-specific differences in DTC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence and progression exhibit notable sex disparities.
- Women generally experience a more favorable prognosis than men, particularly before menopause.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the sex differences in DTC incidence, progression, and survival.
- To investigate potential biological mechanisms underlying these sex disparities.
- To advocate for sex-specific research and therapies for DTC.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiologic studies on DTC sex differences.
- Analysis of factors potentially contributing to sex disparities, including hormones, genetics, epigenetics, and the immune system.
Main Results:
- Significant sex disparities exist in DTC incidence, progression, and survival rates.
- Women show a more favorable prognosis before menopause.
- Sex hormones, genetic/epigenetic factors, and immune responses are implicated in DTC sex differences.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms of sex differences in DTC is crucial.
- Sex-specific research is essential for developing targeted therapies.
- Individualized treatment strategies for advanced, radioactive iodine-refractory DTC should consider sex.
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