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Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (GPA): A Case Report
Rana Hoseen1,2, Sara G Haroutunian3,2,4, Salvatore Grasso3,2
1Internal Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, USA.
Cureus
|July 28, 2025
Summary
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis. This case report details a young woman diagnosed with GPA after presenting with persistent cough and lung infiltrates.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Pulmonology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis affecting small to medium blood vessels.
- The pathogenesis involves anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody (ANCA)-associated inflammation.
- GPA commonly affects the respiratory tract and kidneys, leading to systemic vasculitis.
Observation:
- A young female presented with a month-long dry cough unresponsive to antibiotics.
- Symptoms included weight loss, sinusitis, mastoid effusion, and multiple lung mass-like infiltrates on imaging.
- Initial presentation mimicked infectious processes, delaying diagnosis.
Findings:
- Biopsy confirmed GPA vasculitis as the underlying diagnosis.
- The patient's clinical presentation, though atypical, was consistent with GPA.
- Diagnostic workup revealed systemic involvement characteristic of GPA.
Implications:
- Highlights the importance of considering GPA in young patients with unexplained respiratory and systemic symptoms.
- Emphasizes the need for thorough investigation beyond initial infectious differentials.
- Underscores the diagnostic challenges and potential delays in rare vasculitic diseases.
Keywords:
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca)conjuctivitisgranulomatosis with polyangiitis (gpa)small infiltrates in the lungsmall vessel vasculitisMore Related Videos
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