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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

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Dual-Protein Network Hydrogel-Enabled Wireless Respiratory Sensing System.

Xiaoyou Wang¹, Zhenzhen Zhang¹, Tao Wu¹

¹Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

Biomacromolecules

|July 28, 2025

Summary

A novel dual-protein hydrogel offers a safe, portable solution for real-time respiratory monitoring. This flexible humidity sensor utilizes natural proteins for advanced smart health detection systems.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Wearable Health Technology
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Traditional respiratory monitoring devices present limitations including safety concerns, poor mechanical properties, and low portability.
These challenges hinder the widespread adoption of respiratory monitoring in portable and everyday applications.
There is a need for advanced materials enabling safe, reliable, and portable health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel dual-protein network hydrogel for real-time respiratory monitoring.
To investigate the material properties of the hydrogel for sensor applications.
To integrate the hydrogel-based sensor with wireless technology for practical health assessment.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a dual-protein network hydrogel using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and silk fibroin (SF) via thiol-ene click chemistry and enzymatic cross-linking.
Characterization of the hydrogel's mechanical reversibility, frost resistance, electrical conductivity, and humidity monitoring range (11%-85%).
Integration of the hydrogel-based humidity sensor with wireless transmission technology for real-time data acquisition.

Main Results:

The developed hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical reversibility, frost resistance at -20 °C, and electrical conductivity.
The material demonstrated high stability and a broad humidity monitoring range due to its hydrophilic amino acid content and hydrogen bonding.
Successful real-time respiratory monitoring was achieved through stable and fast signal transmission via wireless technology.

Conclusions:

The dual-protein hydrogel represents a promising biomaterial for flexible humidity sensors.
This natural protein-based material offers a safe, portable, and effective solution for advanced smart health detection systems.
The study provides new insights into the development of protein-based materials for next-generation wearable health monitoring devices.