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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Creating a cross-race effect inventory to postdict eyewitness accuracy.

Dilhan Töredi1, Jamal K Mansour1, Sian E Jones1

  • 1Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University.

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|July 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cross-race effect (CRE) reliably impacts eyewitness accuracy for White individuals. New scales predict accuracy better than confidence, aiding eyewitness reliability evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • The cross-race effect (CRE) is a well-documented phenomenon where individuals exhibit better recognition of same-race faces compared to other-race faces.
  • Understanding the factors influencing CRE is crucial for improving eyewitness identification accuracy in legal settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-report inventory, the Cross-Race Effect Inventory (CRE-I), to consolidate known predictors of the CRE.
  • To enhance the postdiction of cross-race eyewitness accuracy by integrating these predictors.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (White and Asian) completed mock-crime trials involving White and Asian targets.
  • A sequential lineup procedure was used to assess identification accuracy and confidence.
  • Potential items for the CRE-I were administered after all trials.

Main Results:

  • A CRE was replicated for White participants but not observed for Asian participants.
  • Exploratory factor analysis yielded reliable CRE-I scales for White eyewitnesses, including General Face Recognition Ability, Race-Specific Face Recognition Ability, Racial Attitudes, Contact Quantity/Quality, Motivated Individuation, and Cognitive Disregard.
  • Race-Specific Face Recognition Ability, Racial Attitudes Toward White People, and Motivated Individuation of White People predicted identification accuracy beyond confidence levels.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support integrative models of the CRE, combining perceptual expertise and social cognitive hypotheses.
  • The CRE-I offers theoretical contributions by identifying key factors related to recognition.
  • The CRE-I provides practical benefits for evaluating eyewitness reliability.