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Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Does Eyewitness Confidence Calibration Vary by Target Race?

Dilhan Töredi1,2, Jamal K Mansour2,3, Sian E Jones2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Tuomiokirkontori, 320500 Turku, Finland.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
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Eyewitness confidence accuracy differs by target race. White participants showed better calibration for White targets than Asian targets, except at medium-high confidence levels, impacting eyewitness identification reliability.

Keywords:
CACaccuracycalibrationconfidencecross-race effect

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Eyewitness Identification Research

Background:

  • Eyewitness confidence is often used as an indicator of identification accuracy.
  • The confidence-accuracy (CA) relationship is well-studied, but findings are mixed in cross-race identification scenarios.
  • Understanding the CA relationship across different racial groups is crucial for legal contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the confidence-accuracy relationship in sequential lineups for White and Asian participants and targets.
  • To determine if target race influences the calibration of eyewitness confidence.
  • To examine the practical implications for eyewitness testimony reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (White and Asian) viewed mock-crime videos and identified targets from sequential lineups.
  • Identification accuracy and confidence ratings were recorded for both White and Asian targets.
  • A fully crossed design examined participant race and target race interactions.

Main Results:

  • White participants demonstrated higher accuracy identifying White targets compared to Asian targets.
  • Asian participants showed similar accuracy for both White and Asian targets.
  • White participants' confidence was better calibrated for White targets than Asian targets, with an exception at medium-high confidence levels.

Conclusions:

  • The confidence-accuracy relationship is influenced by the race of the target.
  • Findings support the optimality hypothesis regarding confidence calibration.
  • The differential CA relationship across target races has significant practical implications for evaluating eyewitness evidence.