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Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

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General anesthesia in early infancy accelerates visual cortical development.

Laurel J Gabard-Durnam1,2,3, Sarah A McCormick1, Ellen Underwood3,4,5

  • 1Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02120.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repeated early-life anesthesia exposure accelerated visual evoked potential (VEP) waveform development in infants. This suggests a conserved mechanism where GABA-active anesthesia impacts early brain development, potentially affecting infants with excitatory-inhibitory imbalances.

Keywords:
GABAdevelopmentvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Human brain development involves complex, protracted trajectories.
  • Maturation of inhibitory circuits, like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) circuits, is crucial for cortical development and critical periods in animal models.
  • The impact of early functional inhibition on the pace of human brain development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of early-life exposure to general anesthesia on human infant brain development.
  • To determine if GABA-active anesthesia influences the developmental trajectory of neural circuits in infants.
  • To explore potential conserved biological mechanisms across species regarding anesthesia and brain development.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 93 infants.
  • Repeated exposures to general anesthesia in the early postnatal period.
  • Assessment of visual evoked potential (VEP) waveforms and their latency.

Main Results:

  • Infants exposed to repeated general anesthesia showed accelerated development of VEP waveforms.
  • The latency of VEP waveforms was not significantly affected.
  • The observed acceleration suggests a conserved biological mechanism influenced by GABA-active anesthesia.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged exposure to GABA-active anesthesia in early infancy can accelerate VEP waveform development.
  • This effect may be particularly relevant for infants at risk of altered excitatory-inhibitory circuit balance.
  • Findings suggest a conserved cross-species mechanism linking early anesthesia exposure to accelerated neural maturation.