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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Differential characteristics in high myopia with and without glaucoma.

Patricia Robles Amor1, Ana Cabo Sánchez1, Alfonso Antón López2

  • 1Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High myopia is linked to a greater prevalence of glaucoma, with increased axial length and refractive error being key indicators. Awareness of this association is crucial for early detection and management in high myopic patients.

Keywords:
Alta miopíaAxial lengthError refractivoGlaucomaHigh myopiaLAMiopía patológicaPathologic myopiaRefractive error

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • High myopia, defined by axial length ≥26 mm and/or refractive error ≥-6 diopters, is a significant risk factor for various ocular pathologies.
  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and its prevalence may be elevated in individuals with high myopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in ocular and epidemiological parameters between highly myopic individuals with and without glaucoma.
  • To determine if specific ocular metrics are associated with the presence of glaucoma in a high myopia cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 386 patients with high myopia was recruited between October 2022 and October 2023.
  • Ophthalmological examinations included optical biometry for axial length and objective refraction for refractive error assessment.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups: high myopia without glaucoma (n=138) and high myopia with glaucoma (n=248).

Main Results:

  • Patients with glaucoma exhibited a significantly greater mean axial length (30.21 mm vs 28.93 mm, p<0.001) and higher mean refractive error (-15.52 D vs -12.75 D, p=0.002) compared to those without glaucoma.
  • No statistically significant difference in mean age was observed between the groups (63.8 years vs 62.4 years, p=0.349).
  • Sex distribution was similar across both the glaucoma and non-glaucoma groups.

Conclusions:

  • Increased axial length and greater refractive error are directly associated with a higher prevalence of glaucoma in patients with high myopia.
  • The lack of association between older age and glaucoma prevalence in this high myopia cohort warrants further investigation.
  • These findings highlight the critical need for heightened awareness and screening for glaucoma in individuals diagnosed with high myopia.