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Is Gaining Housing Associated With Higher Rates of Cancer Screening Among US Veterans Experiencing Homelessness?

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Summary

Gaining stable housing significantly increased cancer screening rates for homeless veterans. This highlights housing as a key factor in improving preventative healthcare for vulnerable populations.

Keywords:
cancer screeninghealth equityhealthcare disparitieshomelessnesshousing statuspreventive medicineprimary careveteransveterans healthvulnerable populations

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Veterans Health

Background:

  • Homeless individuals exhibit lower cancer screening rates, leading to late diagnoses and poorer health outcomes.
  • Veterans experiencing homelessness face unique barriers to accessing essential healthcare services, including cancer screenings.
  • Addressing housing instability is crucial for improving health equity and preventative care among vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of obtaining housing on cancer screening rates among homeless veterans.
  • To determine if housing acquisition influences the likelihood of undergoing breast and colorectal cancer screenings.
  • To provide evidence supporting housing interventions for enhancing cancer prevention in the homeless veteran population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of homeless veterans eligible for but not up-to-date on cancer screenings (2011-2021).
  • Exposure defined as gaining housing within 24 months post-index visit; time-varying covariate analysis.
  • Primary outcome: undergoing breast or colorectal cancer screening within 24 months; bivariate and Cox proportional hazards analyses used.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of the homeless veterans studied gained housing within 24 months.
  • Veterans who secured housing were over twice as likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening (aHR, 2.3) and breast cancer screening (aHR, 2.4).
  • Statistical significance was high for both screening types (P <.001), indicating a strong association between housing and screening.

Conclusions:

  • Acquiring housing is associated with substantially higher rates of cancer screening among homeless veterans.
  • These findings underscore the importance of housing initiatives in improving cancer prevention and health outcomes for homeless individuals.
  • Promoting housing solutions can be an effective strategy to enhance healthcare access and reduce cancer disparities in vulnerable veteran populations.