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Unlocking expanded flagellin perception through rational receptor engineering.

Tianrun Li1, Esteban Jarquin Bolaños1, Danielle M Stevens1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant immune receptors like FLS2 can be engineered for broader pathogen detection. This research identifies key residues and methods to enhance plant defense against bacterial pathogens by expanding FLS2 perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity
  • Molecular biology
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • The FLS2 receptor kinase recognizes the bacterial flg22 epitope, crucial for plant defense.
  • Bacterial pathogens display diverse flg22 epitopes, challenging plant immune systems.
  • While most FLS2 receptors have narrow recognition, some exhibit expanded perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key residues and mechanisms underlying expanded FLS2 perception.
  • To engineer FLS2 homologues for recognition of diverse flg22 epitopes.
  • To develop a predictive framework for FLS2-flg22 recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Diversity analyses and AlphaFold modelling to map interaction sites.
  • Amino acid property analysis to understand recognition determinants.
  • Synthetic biology for engineering FLS2 receptor function.
  • Evolutionary analyses to identify positively selected residues.

Main Results:

  • Key residues on FLS2's concave surface interacting with co-receptors and flg22 were identified.
  • Expanded flg22 recognition was successfully engineered into canonical FLS2 homologues using synthetic biology.
  • Evolutionary analyses suggest widespread potential for expanded FLS2 perception across plant orders.
  • Specific amino acid properties and AlphaFold3 metrics were linked to FLS2-flg22 recognition.

Conclusions:

  • FLS2 receptor engineering can broaden plant immune responses to bacterial pathogens.
  • Understanding FLS2-flg22 interactions provides a basis for rational design of enhanced plant immunity.
  • This work offers a framework for improving crop resistance through receptor engineering.