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Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Altered Body Composition in Obese Young Adults: A Case-Control Study
Himan Mohamed-Mohamed1,2, Teresa Pardo-Moreno2,3, Margarita Jimenez-Palomares4
1Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Biomedicines
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Young adults with overweight or obesity show poorer glucose tolerance and altered body composition, including higher fat and lower muscle mass. Early identification of these metabolic changes is crucial for preventing future diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic Health
- Body Composition Analysis
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Assessing body composition and glucose tolerance in young adults is vital for metabolic health.
- Overweight and obesity are increasing health concerns in young populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between body composition and glucose tolerance in young adults across different weight categories.
- To identify early markers of metabolic dysfunction in relation to body fat and lean mass.
Main Methods:
- Observational case-control study of 154 healthy individuals aged 18-25 years.
- Categorization into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups based on Body Mass Index (BMI).
- Assessment of body composition using bioelectrical impedance and evaluation of glucose tolerance via oral glucose tolerance testing.
Main Results:
- Overweight and obese participants had higher body weight, BMI, visceral fat, and total fat percentages, with reduced muscle mass compared to normal-weight individuals.
- Obese individuals exhibited significantly impaired glucose tolerance, indicated by higher glucose area under the curve (AUC) and elevated fasting and post-load glucose levels.
- Visceral fat accumulation was positively correlated with metabolic impairment, demonstrating a link between adiposity and reduced glucose regulation.
Conclusions:
- Young adults with elevated BMI already present with significant body composition changes and impaired glucose tolerance, even without diagnosed metabolic disease.
- Early identification of at-risk individuals using non-invasive methods is essential for timely intervention.
- Promoting healthy body composition in early adulthood can mitigate the future risk of type 2 diabetes and related complications.
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