Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique
Published on: June 9, 2021
The Role of Cytokines in Degenerative Retinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Rubens Camargo Siqueira1,2, Cinara Cássia Brandão2,3
1Rubens Siqueira Research Center, São José do Rio Preto 15010-100, SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
Degenerative retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, with cytokines acting as key mediators of neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and cellular degeneration. This review explores the complex role of cytokines in degenerative retinal diseases, highlighting their involvement in disease progression, cellular interactions, and potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the cytokine network within the retina may provide novel insights into targeted interventions for these debilitating conditions.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
iPS Cell Differentiation

