Mapping Barriers and Interventions to Diabetes Self-Management in Latino Youth: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: Effective diabetes self-management is critical for glycemic management and well-being, yet Latino youth face unique cultural and socioeconomic barriers that are insufficiently explored in the literature. This review mapped existing evidence on diabetes self-management for Latino youth. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, ERIC, and The Cochrane Library, using the gray literature and reference lists, in September 2024, following JBI guidelines. The included studies were qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies and reviews on diabetes self-management for Latinos aged 0-30 with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Studies including participants over 30 or with gestational diabetes were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized table and analyzed findings using the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists framework (ADCES7) for self-care behaviors: healthy eating, being active, monitoring, taking medication, problem-solving, reducing risks, and healthy coping. Results: Forty-five studies (forty from the United States) were included from 860 citations. The findings highlighted challenges in adopting diabetes-friendly diets, including cultural preferences, food insecurity, and limited resources. Physical activity improved glycemic control but was hindered by family and school obligations. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enhanced outcomes, though economic barriers limited access. Family-centered education improved medication adherence, while family support strengthened problem-solving. CGMs and insulin pumps reduced complications, and culturally adapted psychological support enhanced emotional well-being and glycemic management. Conclusions: This review underscores persistent disparities in diabetes self-management among Latino youth. While the study designs and settings were heterogeneous, the findings highlight the need for culturally tailored, family-centered interventions that address structural barriers and psychosocial needs to improve care.